Gastric Band Surgery Risks & Benefits

Gastric band surgery is a minimally invasive weight loss surgery designed to help people with obesity lose weight by restricting food intake.

 

The procedure involves the placement of an adjustable silicone band around the upper portion of the stomach, creating a small stomach pouch.

 

This pouch can only hold a limited amount of food, which helps reduce overall food consumption and promotes a feeling of fullness with smaller meals.

1. Preoperative preparation

• Before the surgery, patients undergo a thorough medical evaluation, including blood tests, imaging studies, and consultations with a surgeon, dietitian, and psychologist.
• Patients may need to follow a special diet, like a liquid diet, to reduce liver size and make the surgery easier.
• It’s important to stop smoking and avoid certain medications that could increase surgical risks.

2. Surgical procedure

• The surgery is done laparoscopically, meaning it involves small cuts and the use of a camera (laparoscope).
• The surgeon makes several small cuts in the abdomen and inserts the laparoscope and surgical instruments.
• The adjustable silicone band is placed around the upper part of the stomach, creating a small pouch.
• The band is connected to a port placed under the skin, allowing for adjustments to the band’s tightness by injecting or removing saline solution.

3. Post-operative care

• After surgery, patients usually stay in the hospital for 1-33 days for monitoring and initial recovery.
• A liquid diet is recommended for the first few weeks, gradually progressing to pureed foods and then solid foods as tolerated.
• Follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring progress and adjusting the band as needed.

Gastric band surgery isn’t suitable for everyone. Candidates generally meet specific criteria, including:

BMI (Body Mass Index)

Typically, candidates have a BMI of 40 or higher (severe obesity) or a BMI of 35-39.9 (moderate obesity) with obesity-related health conditions like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.

Previous weight loss attempts

People should have tried to lose weight through diet, exercise, and other non-surgical methods without achieving significant or lasting weight loss.

Commitment to lifestyle changes

Candidates must be willing to commit to long-term lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and follow-up appointments.

Medical evaluation

A comprehensive medical evaluation is required to assess overall health and determine if the patient is a suitable candidate for surgery. This includes evaluating surgical risks and contraindications.

Psychological evaluation

A psychological assessment is often conducted to ensure that the patient has realistic expectations, understands the implications of the surgery, and is prepared for the psychological challenges associated with significant weight loss.

Gastric band surgery offers several benefits for people struggling with obesity:

Significant weight loss

Most patients experience significant weight loss within the first year after surgery, with continued weight loss over the next 2-3 years.

Improvement in obesity-related conditions

Weight loss can lead to improvements or resolution of obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and joint pain.

Minimally invasive

The laparoscopic approach involves small cuts, resulting in less post-surgery pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.

Adjustable and reversible

The gastric band can be adjusted to achieve optimal weight loss or to address issues such as nausea or vomiting. The procedure is also reversible if necessary.

Improved quality of life

Many patients report improved quality of life, including increased energy levels, better mobility, and improved self-esteem.

As with any surgical procedure, gastric band surgery carries risks and complications:

Surgical risks

Surgical complications include infections, stomach or bowel perforation and obstruction, blood clots, leaks into the bowel, sepsis and bleeding. After the surgery, some patients struggle with the inability to eat what are considered normal amounts of food.

Band-related complications

Complications specific to the gastric band include band slippage, erosion into the stomach, and port-related issues (such as infection or leakage).

Nutritional deficiencies

The restrictive nature of the surgery can lead to inadequate nutrient intake. Patients may require vitamin and mineral supplements to prevent deficiencies.

Gastrointestinal issues

Common gastrointestinal issues include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, and difficulty swallowing. These issues can often be managed through dietary adjustments and band adjustments.

Weight regain

Some patients may experience weight regain if they do not follow recommended lifestyle changes or if the band is not properly adjusted.

Pouch dilatation

In a small percentage of patients, the portion of the stomach that is constricted by the band may dilate allowing for increased appetite and weight regain.

1. Immediate post-surgery period

• After surgery, patients are monitored for complications and are gradually introduced to a liquid diet.
• Pain management, hydration, and mobility are key focuses during the initial recovery period.

2. Dietary progression

• Patients transition from a liquid diet to pureed foods and then to solid foods over several weeks.
• It is crucial to follow dietary guidelines to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.

3. Physical activity

• Light physical activity, such as walking, is encouraged soon after surgery to promote circulation and prevent blood clots.
• As recovery continues, it’s recommended to gradually progress to more intense physical activity.

4. Follow-up appointments

• Regular follow-up appointments with the surgeon and dietitian are essential for monitoring progress, adjusting the band, and addressing any issues.
• These appointments help ensure optimal weight loss and management of complications.

Lifestyle changes

Long-term success with gastric band surgery requires a commitment to healthy eating, regular physical activity, and lifestyle changes. Patients should focus on balanced, nutrient-dense foods and portion control.

Nutritional support

Regular monitoring of nutritional status is important to prevent deficiencies. Patients may need to take vitamin and mineral supplements for life.

Emotional and psychological support

Significant weight loss can lead to emotional and psychological changes. Support from healthcare professionals, support groups, and counselling can help patients navigate these changes.

Band adjustments

Periodic adjustments to the gastric band may be necessary to optimise weight loss and manage symptoms. These adjustments are typically done in an outpatient setting.

Monitoring for complications

Long-term monitoring for complications, such as band slippage or erosion, is essential. Prompt attention to any symptoms can prevent more serious issues.

Gastric band surgery is a valuable tool for people struggling with obesity who have not achieved significant weight loss through non-surgical methods.

The procedure offers numerous benefits, including significant weight loss, improvement in obesity-related conditions, and enhanced quality of life.

However, it also carries risks and requires a commitment to long-term lifestyle changes. By understanding the recovery process and long-term considerations, patients can make informed decisions and achieve successful outcomes on their weight loss journey.

Remember, gastric band surgery is a tool, not a cure. Success depends on your dedication to making sustainable lifestyle changes and following the guidance of your healthcare team, whether that be NHS or private.

With the right mindset, support, and commitment, you can achieve your weight loss goals and enjoy a healthier, more fulfilling life.

Disclaimer

This article is for general information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Medic Spot Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but makes no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. In the event of an emergency, please call 999 for immediate assistance.

There is no guarantee of a specific weight loss medication being prescribed. Clinicians will review your online questionnaire and will recommend the most appropriate weight loss treatments for you based on your answers. In some cases the clinicians may contact you for additional information. See our Terms of Service for more information.