What Weight Loss Surgery Is Best?

There are several types of weight loss surgeries, each with its own mechanisms and benefits. The most common procedures include:

Gastric bypass surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass)

Lose up to 35% of body weight.

This procedure involves creating a small pouch from the stomach and connecting it directly to the small intestine. This bypasses a large portion of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine, reducing food intake and nutrient absorption.

Gastric sleeve surgery (sleeve gastrectomy)

Lose up to 30% of body weight.

Gastric sleeve surgery involves removing approximately 75-80% of the stomach, creating a sleeve-shaped stomach that holds less food. This procedure reduces the stomach’s capacity and decreases hunger hormones.

Adjustable gastric band surgery (lap band)

Lose up to 20% of body weight.

An adjustable silicone band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch. The band can be tightened or loosened over time to adjust the rate of weight loss.

Gastric balloon

Lose up to 10% of body weight.

This non-surgical procedure involves placing a deflated balloon into the stomach and filling it with saline. The balloon occupies space in the stomach, reducing food intake and promoting a feeling of fullness. It is temporary, often used for around 6 months to a year. If the side effects are intolerable it is also reversible.

Duodenal switch (biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch)

This complex procedure involves removing a portion of the stomach and bypassing a significant part of the small intestine. It combines both restrictive and malabsorptive elements to promote weight loss.

Weight loss surgery is not suitable for everyone. Candidates for these procedures generally meet specific criteria.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

Candidates typically have a BMI of 40 or higher (severe obesity) or a BMI of 35-39.9 (moderate obesity) with obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.

Previous weight loss attempts

People should have attempted to lose weight through diet, exercise, and other non-surgical methods without achieving significant or sustained weight loss.

Commitment to lifestyle changes

Candidates must be willing to commit to long-term lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and follow-up appointments.

Medical evaluation

A comprehensive medical evaluation is required to assess overall health and determine if the patient is a suitable candidate for surgery. This includes evaluating surgical risks and contraindications.

Psychological evaluation

A psychological assessment is often conducted to ensure that the patient has realistic expectations, understands the implications of the surgery, and is prepared for the psychological challenges associated with significant weight loss.

Weight loss surgery offers several benefits for people struggling with obesity.

Significant weight loss

Most patients experience significant weight loss within the first year after surgery, with continued weight loss over the next 2-3 years.

Improvement in obesity-related conditions

Weight loss can lead to improvements or resolution of obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and joint pain.

Reduced hunger

Some surgeries, like gastric sleeve and gastric bypass, reduce the production of ghrelin, the hormone responsible for stimulating hunger, which can help reduce appetite and food cravings.

Improved quality of life

Many patients report improved quality of life, including increased energy levels, better mobility, and enhanced self-esteem.

Long-term health benefits

Sustained weight loss can reduce the risk of developing obesity-related conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer.

As with any surgical procedure, weight loss surgery carries risks and complications

Surgical risks

Surgical complications include infections, stomach or bowel perforation and obstruction, blood clots, leaks into the bowel, sepsis and bleeding. After the surgery, some patients struggle with the inability to eat what are considered normal amounts of food.

Gastrointestinal issues

Common gastrointestinal issues include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, and dumping syndrome (rapid gastric emptying), which can cause symptoms like diarrhoea, nausea, and dizziness.

Nutritional deficiencies

The restrictive and malabsorptive nature of some surgeries can lead to inadequate nutrient intake. Patients may require lifelong vitamin and mineral supplements to prevent deficiencies.

Bowel obstruction

With some weight loss surgeries, there is a risk of bowel obstruction due to the re-routing of the intestines. This can cause severe pain and requires immediate medical attention.

Weight regain

Some patients may experience weight regain if they do not adhere to recommended lifestyle changes. This can be minimised through ongoing support and follow-up care.

1. Immediate postoperative period

After surgery, patients are monitored for complications and are gradually introduced to a liquid diet. Pain management, hydration, and mobility are key focuses during the initial recovery.

2. Dietary progression

Patients typically transition from a liquid diet to pureed foods and then to solid foods over several weeks. It is crucial to follow dietary guidelines to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.

3. Physical activity

Light physical activity, such as walking, is encouraged soon after surgery to promote circulation and prevent blood clots. Gradual progression to more intense physical activity is recommended as recovery progresses.

4. Follow-up appointments

Regular follow-up appointments with the surgeon and dietitian are essential for monitoring progress, addressing any issues, and providing ongoing support. These appointments help ensure optimal weight loss and management of complications.

Lifestyle changes

Long-term success with weight loss surgery requires a commitment to healthy eating, regular physical activity, and lifestyle changes. Patients should focus on balanced, nutrient-dense foods and portion control.

Nutritional support

Regular monitoring of nutritional status is important to prevent deficiencies. Patients may need to take vitamin and mineral supplements for life.

Emotional and psychological support

Significant weight loss can lead to emotional and psychological changes. Support from healthcare professionals, support groups, and counselling can help patients navigate these changes.

Monitoring for complications

Long-term monitoring for complications, such as nutritional deficiencies or gastrointestinal issues, is essential. Prompt attention to any symptoms can prevent more serious issues.

Ongoing Support

Ongoing support from healthcare providers, support groups, and family is crucial for maintaining weight loss and addressing any challenges that arise.

Weight loss surgery is a valuable tool for people struggling with obesity who have not achieved significant weight loss through non-surgical methods.

The various types of surgeries offer numerous benefits, including significant weight loss, improvement in obesity-related conditions, reduced hunger, and enhanced quality of life.

However, they also carry risks and require a commitment to long-term lifestyle changes. By understanding the different procedures, eligibility criteria, benefits, risks, recovery process, and long-term considerations, patients can make informed decisions and achieve successful outcomes on their weight loss journey.

Remember, weight loss surgery is a tool, not a cure. Success depends on your dedication to making sustainable lifestyle changes and following the guidance of your healthcare team.

With the right mindset, support, and commitment, you can achieve your weight loss goals and enjoy a healthier, more fulfilling life.

Disclaimer

This article is for general information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Medic Spot Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but makes no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. In the event of an emergency, please call 999 for immediate assistance.

There is no guarantee of a specific weight loss medication being prescribed. Clinicians will review your online questionnaire and will recommend the most appropriate weight loss treatments for you based on your answers. In some cases the clinicians may contact you for additional information. See our Terms of Service for more information.